What is the legal evidence for the lineage of children born from egg donation?
Donating an egg to a legally married woman, with the consent of both parties, does not pose any legal problems. The child born is considered the paternity of the woman's legal husband, and the woman who carried the child is its legal mother. After the egg is inserted into a married woman's body, it becomes part of her body, and the child resulting from fertilization by her husband's sperm is both her child and her husband's.
What is the legal evidence for the existence of lineage for children born through sperm donation?
Using a foreign man's sperm in the womb of a foreign woman is impermissible unless a legal marriage contract is concluded between them. After that, the man's sperm may be used in the womb of his legally married wife. Therefore, the paternity of a child born from a foreign man's sperm is not established.
What is the legal basis for the existence of lineage for children born through modern in vitro fertilization techniques?
If fertilization occurs using the man’s semen, and then it is implanted in the womb of the legitimate family and the child is born, then the owner of the sperm is considered the father according to Islamic law and custom, because the child is the fruit of his semen, and the wife who gave birth to the child is the legitimate mother, as He said: (Their mothers are none but those who gave birth to them) [Surat Al-Majdal: 2].